Bui Xuan Phai
Bui Xuan Phai (Bùi Xuân Phái) was one of the greatest painters in Vietnam’s 20th-century art scene, leaving a profound mark through his unique works portraying Hanoi. With a romantic style blending realism and expressionism, he captured the ancient streets and everyday life of the city’s residents with emotive strokes. From the narrow streets to the characters in his paintings, Bui Xuan Phai’s works not only reflect the beauty of the city but also express his deep emotions and sentiments for his homeland. His artistic legacy is not only valuable in terms of fine arts but also serves as a vibrant visual record of Vietnam’s history and culture.
Dimensions: 60 x 80.5 cm
Medium: Oil paintings
Year: 1984
Status: Museum
Artist: Bui Xuan Phai
Dimensions: 58.5 x 79 cm
Medium: Oil paintings
Year: 1984
Status: Museum
Artist: Bui Xuan Phai
Dimensions: 57 x 76 cm
Medium: Oil paintings
Year: 1980
Status: Museum
Artist: Bui Xuan Phai
Dimensions: 60 x 80 cm
Medium: Oil paintings
Year: 1984
Status: Museum
Artist: Bui Xuan Phai
Dimensions: 58.5 x 79 cm
Medium: Oil paintings
Year: 1984
Status: Museum
Artist: Bui Xuan Phai
In the flow of Vietnam’s cultural and artistic development, some names have left indelible marks in the hearts of art lovers. One of those is Bui Xuan Phai — a brilliant painter whose works vividly captured the essence of Hanoi. From street scenes to pieces reflecting the human soul, Bui Xuan Phai was not only a painter but also a skillful storyteller, leading viewers into his world with each brushstroke.
Born in Kim Hoàng village, Vân Canh commune, Hà Tây district, Hà Đông province, into a middle-class family, he grew up in the heart of Hanoi (initially on Hàng Thiếc Street, later moving to Hàng Đẫy). He dedicated his life to capturing the beauty of this city, from its ancient streets to the simple moments of daily life. With his distinctive style, Bui Xuan Phai portrayed a Hanoi that was both romantic and realistic, reflecting the spirit of a turbulent era.
This content will bring you closer to the life and career of the great painter Bui Xuan Phai, explore fascinating stories about him, and delve into the artistic legacy he left for future generations. Join us on a journey to discover the soul and talent of one of Vietnam’s greatest art icons.
1. Who was Bui Xuan Phai?
Bui Xuan Phai (1920–1988) was one of the most prominent painters in 20th-century Vietnamese fine arts. Although born in Hà Tây district, he grew up in Hanoi and became famous for his works that clearly reflected the beauty of the city, especially its old streets, architectural landmarks, and the everyday lives of its people. Studying at the Indochina Fine Arts College, he was exposed to various artistic styles. With a romantic style that combined realism and impressionism, his works often carried strong emotional expression, portraying his love for his homeland, his country, and its people.
2. Bui Xuan Phai’s Artistic Journey
Bui Xuan Phai’s artistic journey is an inspiring story, reflecting the evolution and transformation of Vietnamese art in the 20th century. He studied at the Indochina Fine Arts College (1941–1945), where he explored and developed his unique style, primarily focusing on capturing the beauty of Hanoi. After graduation, he joined the resistance movement until 1952. When the North was liberated, he returned to Hanoi and continued creating art. After his death, his name continued to be honored through numerous exhibitions and art events. He became a symbol of love for one’s homeland and an inspiration for many young painters. His works are now displayed in art museums across the country, cementing his place in Vietnam’s art history.
3. Artistic Style and Main Themes
Bui Xuan Phai often combined realism with expressionism in his works. He not only depicted scenes but also conveyed emotions and human sentiments through his paintings. With a romantic style that blended realism and impressionism, his works were highly expressive, showcasing his love for his homeland, his country, and the people. He employed free, flexible brushstrokes, which added a sense of life and movement to the images he portrayed.
The central theme in his work was Hanoi. He captured the beauty of the city through its old streets, the flow of people, and simple, everyday moments. His paintings of Hanoi in autumn, with images of falling yellow leaves and quiet streets, have become symbols of his deep love for the city. In addition, he frequently depicted people in his work, reflecting their lives, thoughts, and feelings. The characters in his paintings often had a melancholic air, signifying a profound connection to their homeland.
4. Influence and Legacy
In a time when the country experienced many historical upheavals, Bui Xuan Phai contributed to the restoration and development of Vietnamese fine arts. He was a pioneering artist who merged traditional and modern elements, creating works rich in national cultural identity. He captured the beauty of Hanoi through vibrant paintings that reflected daily life and the souls of its people. His works raised awareness of the city’s cultural and historical value, fostering a connection across generations.
His legacy paved the way for modern artists to express emotions and thoughts through art. His works demonstrated that art is not only about depicting images but also about conveying deep feelings. Many contemporary artists continue to explore Vietnamese cultural and historical themes, drawing inspiration from Bui Xuan Phai’s approach and seeking to express national identity through a modern lens.
5. Notable Works by Bui Xuan Phai
The Old Quarter of Hanoi series is the most iconic work by Bui Xuan Phai, depicting the ancient and bustling charm of Hanoi’s streets. Using bright colors and delicate brushwork, he captured the distinctive atmosphere of the city, from its narrow streets to its ancient houses.
Before the Show I, II are works that combine traditional and modern art. He depicted chèo performers in their costumes, providing a glimpse into Vietnam’s folk art culture.
6. Criticism and Evaluation
Bui Xuan Phai’s works, especially those about Hanoi, have been praised by many critics for their ability to convey the emotions and atmosphere of the city. He was often referred to as a "poet" in painting, with the ability to transform simple scenes into poetic masterpieces. Many noted his skill in exploring the psychological depth of his characters and spaces, making viewers feel connected and empathetic. He is regarded not only as a painter but also as a preserver of Vietnam’s cultural heritage. His works are not only artistically valuable but also carry deep cultural significance, reflecting the history and identity of the nation. For many young artists, Bui Xuan Phai serves as an ideal role model. His creativity and dedication to art are an endless source of inspiration for those pursuing painting.
7. Personal Life of Bui Xuan Phai
Bui Xuan Phai was born on September 1, 1920, in the former Hà Tây province but grew up in Hanoi’s Old Quarter. He was born into an art-loving family and studied at the Indochina Fine Arts College, where he developed his painting talent. Throughout his life as an artist, Bui Xuan Phai had a close friend in painter Nguyễn Sáng. The two often exchanged ideas and supported each other in their artistic careers. His deep love for Hanoi was intertwined with his entire life, as he spent much of his time capturing the city’s beauty through his paintings. Many have commented that each of his paintings has its own soul, as if he breathed life into every corner of the city.
Bui Xuan Phai was not only a great painter but also a man with a sensitive soul and a deep love for life. The stories surrounding him highlight not only his artistic talent but also the noble character of a true artist. His works continue to live on in the hearts of art lovers and enrich Vietnam’s cultural heritage.